Central Health Information

Although heart attack appear suddenly, it is the result of a disease that evolves over several years, atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque on artery walls. The formation of this plaque is slow and may span decades. It is nourished by the cholesterol that circulates in the blood.

Eventually, the arteries that reach the heart deteriorate. They are damaged and narrowed (stenosis). Consequently, blood does not circulate properly and the blood flow becomes inadequate for the needs of the heart, especially at work. The organs are not properly oxygenated.

Angina pectoris may appear: the patient feels pain on mild exertion or spontaneously.

Eventually, the plaque becomes denser, it will crack and break and form a clot. A clot that clogs the artery and then prevents the passage of blood to the heart.

If the blocked artery is an artery of the heart, this causes a heart attack.
If the blocked artery is an artery in the neck, this causes a stroke (stroke).
If the blocked artery is an artery of the leg, it causes arterial.

In all these cases, the formation of a fatty deposit on artery walls that is responsible.

The blood test description is a set of measurements made in blood. They are chosen by the physician based diagnosis or organs intended to explore.

The common blood tests performed in cases of illness

1. The liver.
2. The balance renal.
3. The balance of fats.

When there has an infectious or inflammatory problem: the blood count the ESR.
In cases of anemia: The NFS, the determination of iron serum, sometimes Coombs.

The main systematic reviews of screening

* From a certain age, more or less early according to family history, the doctor asked at regular intervals: glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides.
* In monitoring a hypertension and Diabetes, doctor may request a review and a renal uric acid.

The NFS, determination of calcium, magnesium, and hormonal assays are requested most often because of symptoms without apparent cause consistently.

The Polycystic ovaries (ovarian cysts) are the cause of alteration of the rules and can suspend for long periods or menses causing each two months or more. Approximately 50% of the patients are obese or have growth excessive body hair and facial.

Subsequent women usually between 15 and 30 years old. Many female infertility cases are due to the presence of polycystic ovaries.

By presumptive diagnosis of pregnancy usually it is done based on clinical history and physical examination. The patient reports that normal puberty was also the beginning of adolescence with regular menstrual cycles, and then followed by episodes of stopped rules that extend progressively.

The are more reliable diagnostic ultrasound and laparoscopy. The Treatment can set of several ways: using inducing ovulation, it works in most patients, and stubborn cases may sometimes be necessary to use additional hormones, thereby producing the desired effect. The use of corticosteroids may also be helpful.

Rare is sometimes necessary as a surgical procedure is resection wedge of both ovaries, but when it does, the results are quite good to restore ovulation and fertility.

In change follicular cysts (small cysts with clear fluid in inside) are common and often in both ovaries, ranging from size microscopic to get to be 4 cms of diameter and are rarely larger than that size. Symptoms usually do not exist unless this torque cyst rupture or bleeding of the same, and if you can see signs of an emergent surgical table.

Occasionally these cysts are associated with menstrual abnormality isolated as a long interval between periods or as a short course. Large cysts can cause pelvic pain, pain with sexual and rarely, abnormal uterine bleeding.

The Most of these follicles disappear within 60 days without treatment, any cyst that persists for longer, with the presence of normal periods, is probably not of follicular origin.

It is a pathology that is observed through ultrasound and is of two types: functional and complex.

The ‘functional’ are derived from the ovarian function and relate to the process of egg maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum. May be inflammatory or endometrium.

They contain thousands of eggs stored within pockets of fluid called follicles, since the ovaries are the organs in continuous activity, as determined by the menstrual cycle, month after month allowing the growth of a follicle to about 20 mm in diameter, size at which rupture and release the egg that has matured in its interior. Subsequently, the follicle acquires the capacity to produce progesterone and helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy..

Failure to achieve pregnancy, the follicle is absorbed and the ovary returned to its resting state to restart a cycle starting next menstrual period.

Implies the possibility of occasional mistakes at some point in the process that may relate to the failure mechanisms of follicle rupture has been developed and the subsequent formation of a cyst. In this case as a functional cyst, since it is produced by a fault in the natural process and does not indicate an illness.

The complex, meanwhile, are so named because ultrasound is a kind of lesions observed heterogeneity for its content, may occur for several reasons: Endometriosis localized in the ovary (endometriomas) sencundarios ovarian or pelvic infections.

Risk factors and protective factors
The cysts ‘functional’ are not a cause of infertility, but it may be more common in women with hormonal disorders that interfere with the normal process of ovulation, condition (not ovulate well) that it is associated with infertility.

Irregular cycles (no good ovulation) predispose the development of functional cysts. Pregnancy and oral contraceptives for more than 1 year, however, may protect women from the existence of these cysts. The risk of ovarian cancer is 50 percent versus those not using contraception and protection can reach 15 years. [Read the rest of this entry...]

The rash occurs in different forms, but it usually appears on the skin. The rash is one of the most common symptoms of allergies. they are present throughout the body, but they manifest themselves as skin rash – or localized, can cause a rash at a specific location; on the hand, body, surface of skin and scalp rashes. They often occur after eating a particular food like eggs, milk, soybeans, fish, peanuts and wheat. They can also be triggered by something you’ve touched with the hands, the classic example is poison ivy. These are different types of skin allergy you need to know :

Hives
Urticaria is an inflammatory reaction of the skin manifested by a rash that resembles the sting of nettles: that is red, swollen and it is scratched

Acne
Acne is a dermatosis (skin disease) inflammatory of pilosebaceous follicles (the glands that secrete sebum, the root hairs) with formation of comedones. Typically, it starts at puberty and affects 90% of adolescents, more or less severe. It ceases spontaneously, usually in late adolescence.

The Atopic Dermat (or atopic eczema)
It is a dermatological lesions characterized by dry, scaly and very itchy. The spots usually appear between ages 3 months and 2 years. Approximately 10% of children are concerned. The atopic dermatitis occurs in individuals genetically predisposed to atopy and its manifestations (eg asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergies). In 60% cases, one parent is atopic. One of the predominant factors in the genesis of atopic dermatitis is dry skin.

eczema
Eczema is characterized by lesions shredded (with irregular contours), sometimes microvesicles (acute eczema skin rashes) or dry. These lesions are characterized functionally by intense pruritus (itching).

Psoriasis
The Psoriasis is a skin disease of unclear origin, in part genetic. This dermatological affects 2% of the population.

The epidermis is repeated too quickly, in only four to six days instead of the usual three weeks and this causes localized inflammation. The epidermal cells accumulate on the surface of the skin and form a layer of white film called dander. Perfectly harmless, it nevertheless has the disadvantage of being unsightly.

Itchy scalp hair loss can be caused by several factors, even stress. We see few, however, note that it is necessary to consult a physician to treat in depth a significant issue.

To begin, talk about films, what are they? When the scalp gets a makeover, it removes dead skin. In principle, this renewal does not cause any problems. Furthermore, it is possible that these cells or films grow and multiply abnormally. These will be dry or oily.

You will easily recognize the dry films, because they are all small and light, they fall from the hair like a shower of snow. A dry film also indicates a dry scalp. We must therefore refrain from using special shampoos designed against dandruff. You further irritate the back of your head. Opt instead for a shampoo to dry hair aside, the pH is balanced according to the state.

Unlike dry dandruff, oily dandruff are large and heavy because they are soaked in oil. Watch out for shampoos too strippers who could, through action too drying effect, causing an excess of sebum.

The appropriate treatment for the film passes through the respect of your scalp. Do not attack him with shampoo or other products too strippers. Avoid the water too hot and too hot hair dryer. These are basic tips, see your doctor if your problem gets worse, to have an accurate diagnosis.

You can also experience itchy scalp caused by seborrheic dermatitis, caused by a fungus called Malassezia furfur or Pityrosporum ovale. Or, itching caused by psoriasis, skin disease that can spread to the scalp. It comes with thick crusts.

Treatment is not necessary if you are comfortable with their appearance. Hair extensions, hairpieces or use the change in style may disguise hair loss. This is usually the least expensive and safest approach for male baldness.

There are two main drugs used for male pattern baldness treatment:

1. Minoxidil (Rogaine): a solution that you apply directly to the scalp to stimulate hair follicles. It slows hair loss for many men and some men grow new hair. The previous degree of hair loss returns when you stop applying the solution.

2. Finasteride (Propecia, Proscar): a prescription pill that inhibits the production of male hormone dihydrotestosterone. As with minoxidil, the person is more likely to have slower hair loss than actual new hair growth. It is generally more effective than minoxidil. The previous degree of hair loss returns when you stop taking the medication.

Hair transplants involve removing tiny plugs of hair from areas where the hair is continuing to grow and placing them in areas that are balding. This can cause minor scarring in areas where hair is removed and a small risk of skin infection. The procedure usually requires multiple transplantation sessions and may be costly. However, the results are often excellent and permanent.

Not recommended Suturing hair to the scalp, which can result in scars, infections and abscess at that site. The use of hair implants made of artificial fibers was banned by the FDA because of the high infection rate.

These are some of the most frequent causes of alopecia totalis or hair loss:

Drugs – Drugs used to treat cancer, blood thinners, antidepressants and high blood pressure medications and pills for birth control and high doses of vitamin A can cause hair loss.

Diet – Too little protein and too little iron in your diet can lead to hair loss.

Stress or illness – you can start to lose hair from one to three months after a stressful situation, such as major surgery. High fever, severe or chronic infections can lead to hair loss.

Birth – You can lose large amounts of hair within two to three months after delivery.

Alopecia areata – a condition in which hair loss occurs only in some areas, resulting in hair loss patches the size of a coin or larger.

Thyroid disease – An overactive or underactive thyroid can cause hair loss or hair

Ringworm – If this fungal infection occurs on the scalp can cause small patches of scaling skin and some hair loss.

Currently only two products, one topic (minoxidil) and oral [Finasteride (Propecia)], are effective in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. All others have no proven clinical efficacy and scientific rigor in its application.

- MINOXIDIL:
It is a potent peripheral vasodilator, administered orally, was used in the treatment of hypertension. In 1981 started its topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Its ultimate mechanism of action remains unknown (its vasodilator action does not fully justify its effectiveness), but it has shown a direct effect on the proliferation of follicular keratinocytes. Habitually used in alcoholic solution in concentrations ranging from 2-5% (in Spain only sold to 2% but is open for development at higher concentrations, with increased efficiency, which can be added to retinoic acid enhancing its effect) . It is useful to both men and women (the latter more effective, since there is a percentage of males in which the product is not effective). In your application you need to know that:

* Must remain in contact with the scalp at least 4 hours before retiring in the wash.
* The product should be applied twice daily (1 cc. Each time) accompanied by a gentle friction.
* The first results take two months to appear, so that its use must be consistent.
* Fundamentally recover hair that is “miniaturizing”, which again is as thick pigmented terminal hair, which means serving recovering the “fluff”. It will therefore be useful only to certain stages of alopecia (without exceeding the Grade III Ebling). There is therefore a “hair-restorer. Its primary use is the maintenance of hair once we reach the possible recovery of follicles.
* As described side effects: hair in the beard area (important appearance in women) is eliminated as the drug is stopped, headache in 10% of cases, and mild local irritation.
* By suspending the drug more than 4 months is a drop of hair with loss of all the profit.

Finasteride (Propecia):
Testosterone does not act directly on the follicle, but its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT), step regulated by an enzyme present in the follicles, 5-a-reductase type II. Finasteride works by inhibiting this enzyme, so that the transition to DHT is not produced and the process of “miniaturization” (follicle atrophy) stops, making some of these follicles, even in a time reversible process, recover its thickness and pigmentation, resulting in clinical improvement. This will result in a degree that depends on the number of follicles that are still in a time reversible. Patients who primarily benefit from the drug are men between 18 and 45 with mild to moderate alopecia (grades II-IV scale Ebling). The areas where improvement is mainly observed in the interparietal region and the “crown”, being less effective in “tickets.” In women, this treatment is now contraindicated. The first results can be seen in the first three months, being observed in many cases an improvement continued until about 18 months of treatment. The optimal treatment indication is to take a daily tablet of 1 mgr. for at least two years. Under these conditions the drug is effective in 86% of boys (much higher rate than that obtained with minoxidil). However, it is advisable to keep the daily intake of 1 mgr. continuously, since the discontinuation of more than 9-12 months represents a return to the previous situation. Furthermore higher doses pose no additional benefit and the possibility of side effects, which do not appear with the recommended dose. Among these side effects highlights the decreased libido, although it must be emphasized that they are described at the recommended dose of 1 mgr. At this dose are not necessary analytical checks or any kind of warning or limitation on the taking of other drugs.

It is important to emphasize that as of today, these are the only two effective treatments in male androgenetic alopecia (in postmenopausal women can use oral antiandrogens dermatologist guidelines and controls its management if necessary). All treatments are effective in their application or ingestion, and not solve the problem “forever” but require continuity.

Other “solutions”:
Before the appearance of the finasteride, a treatment for male androgenetic alopecia was disappointing. This led to the emergence of numerous “remedies” which usually owned by non-specialists in dermatology, promising results “miraculous.” Such is the case of ozone application, laser treatment or the insistent “on the root” follicle “weakened” and seborrhea. None of this is effective. The many lotions and blisters base their initial improvement in the placebo effect associated with the application of any substance “forward”, and the friction that accompanies their application which, by itself, produces a slight improvement in the first two months of use.

Some supplements such as cystine, soybeans and other minerals have their own space deficiency in certain situations: after childbirth or illness, crash dieting … where a supplement can help retrieve the follicle. This is the case of some types of diffuse alopecia by telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia is not where these products are meaningless. The use of vitamins has been popularized and justified without any rigorous or scientific study to support efficacy of their use. Therefore should not be recommended as naturally by other devices, since hypervitaminosis may lead to a dangerous situation to be avoided. It is true that a vitamin deficiency causes changes in the hair, but it would be a symptom of a consistent deficiency in extremely serious, fortunately difficult to see in our environment, except in cases of anorexia, alcoholism, or similar.

SHAMPOOS, DYES
The hair can be washed daily, even several times a day, if for example the practice of sports makes it necessary. It is better to use gentle shampoos often used, alternating with shampoos recommended treatment by a dermatologist if there is also seborrheic dermatitis. External products like hair gel, hair dyes, conditioners, etc. Not involved in the process of atrophy of the follicle, and how much can dry the terminal keratin that makes up the “stem” of hair, without that again, this is a situation that alters the course of a hormonally determined. The same recommendation applies with respect to wear their hair short or long, although involving traction hairstyles (braids, very marked and striped tie, etc.). Could irreversibly damage the hair follicles in involved.

Nine out of ten pregnant women suffer “maternal mobbing”, ie violence or harassment, particularly in their workplace, according to a report of the Godmother Foundation indicating that the crisis has worsened in more than 20 points the dismissal or abandonment of work due to maternity.

The report notes that 45 percent of women who are mothers are fired or leave their jobs, and this figure rises to 50 percent in the case of pregnant women who lack access to a job by simply being pregnant also says that one in four pregnant women experiences domestic violence.

The Foundation states that eight out of ten women have “very limited” access or maintain their jobs or suffer a severe penalty in terms of promotion or salary compensation. The study the profile of women who suffer “maternal mobbing” is an employee of an SME of 25 to 30 years, pregnant, which presents “a high psycho-social risk” and has basic training, children under three years and partner.

Likewise, bullying suffered by these women is exercised by 60 percent in SMEs, 19 per cent in the public company, 17 percent in large companies and multinationals, and 4 percent in family businesses.

Your pregnancy gives bad image

The report includes some statements that the working mother has to endure such as “your pregnancy gives the company a bad image,” “will give you another responsibility, as your priorities have changed,” or “reduced your schedule … I do not want precedent, “among others. According to data collected by CSIC Godmother, 60 per cent of women have seen their work or have stopped work or promotion because of her motherhood.

The findings of study, said in a statement Godmother Foundation, show that pregnancy has become a “risk factor and motherhood by a factor of inequality and social exclusion for women mother.” To support working mothers, the Foundation proposed, among others, support a comprehensive plan embracing the woman-mother, her motherhood and childhood, maternal and low wages paid up to two years.