Central Health Information

More than 44% of women over 65 years in Spain are widows, according to a recent report Imserso which shows that loneliness affects more females and that they are, mostly, women living alone. This study shows that 78% of men are married while only 46% are women. For widows the problem of loneliness is compounded by economic precariousness often experience when their husbands are missing, in addition, statistics shows they have more difficulties in finding careers than men.

At the stage that begins at age 65, the biggest fear is losing their loved ones, including the partner, because “living with spouse is a critical factor to avoid the use of formal support and social services, is the main support to maintain independence, “the report says Imserso.

But what is also worried about people becoming dependent on poor health. The unit has been studied by other Imserso report, which shows that 5% of households, there is an old man who needs attention.

The data on who is responsible for the dependent elderly are very striking. In seven out of ten cases, the caregiver is a daughter more. And in 47% of the cases she does it alone, without assistance.

In addition, the average age of those involved in caring for the elderly is 53. This fact may in the future. If life expectancy lengthens, the persons responsible for dealing with the elderly will be increasingly higher. Even now, by 32.7% of caregivers say they are tired, and 27.5% claim to suffer deterioration in their health.

For older women with no children, loneliness increases. Women born between 1931 and 1950 are the most children had, but, as her children joined the labor market, are facing the same situation as women without children.

Melasma is a disorder of the facial skin pigmentation, often, especially in women, and related to sun exposure and hormonal factors in a person genetically predisposed to the appearance of stains. Melasma is not always associated with pregnancy or oral contraceptive use, but may be important factors in their development. There are patients who complain of the appearance of stains on the face only after their second or third pregnancy, indicating that age must also play an important role in the appearance of pigmentation melasma facial type, determining the start and intensity modulated them.

The main trigger for the appearance of melasma is exposure to ultraviolet light, which increases the synthesis of the hormone alpha-MSH and ACTH, which leads both to the proliferation of melanocytes and the increased synthesis of melanin (pigment brown color to the skin).

It has recently been seen in melasma, there is an increase in the vascularization of the skin lesions clinically and histologically. This might be related to an increase in the expression of angiogenic factors like VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which is increased in melasma skin lesions, compared with the surrounding skin. But it is unclear whether this is an epiphenomenon of the damage caused by sunlight or if you might have a role in the development of melasma.

Given the above, to develop a melasma seems to be interacting melanocytes and keratinocytes in the epidermis (the main pigment accumulation point) with fibroblasts and blood vessel cells of the dermis. Therefore, the treatment of melasma is more complicated than using a simple skin lightening cream. You have to use different combinations of treatments tailored to each patient’s skin, and avoiding overly aggressive procedures provided that the only thing that can make things worse and more expensive spot. It is necessary to use appropriate sunscreen daily, combined with habits to avoid peak sun exposure and use physical measures of photoprotection (large sunglasses, hat, etc). It is also essential to use cosmetics with active ingredients that prevent facial pigmentation. And finally, with caution, you can make professional treatments “shock” of an aesthetic nature or, if possible, medical, and chemical peels, laser, etc).

It is important that the patient knows that should not be neglected in preventive measures, because the bias and tendency to stain persists, so you’ll have to do maintenance treatments.

Eat an ounce of chocolate per day, preferably black chocolate may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by the effects of flavanols contained in cocoa, according to a study published by The European Heart Journal. The good news that chocolate is not as bad as we used to think. The bad news is at least for some of us the amount that we need (to reduce the risk of these diseases) is low. “Between six and eight grams a day is enough,” said Brian Buijsse, lead author of the work.

According to the observations of Buijsse, the German Institute of Human Nutrition Nuthetal, eating an average of 7.5 grams of chocolate can reduce 27 percent the risk of heart attacks and 49 percent of strokes in compared with people whose average consume 1.7 grams.

The white, nothing

These results are partly explained by lower blood pressure in people who eat more chocolate; Buijsse said that to do their research took as a reference to 19,357 people aged between 35 and 65 who were followed for ten years.

“The flavonol cocoa seems to be the substance responsible to reduce that risk,” said Buijsse. White chocolate has no value in preventing these diseases as “contains no cocoa mass, only sugar and cocoa butter,” unlike milk chocolate, which contains 30% and black, which has a 40% or more.

The treatment of premalignant colorectal cells with a combination of proteins that leads to cell suicide could be a useful as chemoprevention of cancer, according to a study by MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston that is published in the online edition of ‘nature’. It has logardo cells of precancerous intestinal polyps were ’suicide’ in a mouse model and human biopsy study.

What causes dark circles under your eyes? And how I can get rid of dark circles under your eyes? These are questions almost everyone has faced at some point in their lives.

The dark circles are caused by tiny capillaries beneath the eyes. According to the Mayo Clinic, dark circles under eyes are usually temporary and not a medical concern. Surprisingly, fatigue is the most common cause of dark circles. What is it?

Nasal Congestion Causes Dark Circles Under Eyes

Nasal congestion is the number one cause of the dark circles under the eyes. That’s right. Nasal congestion can give you dark circles. When the nose is congested, veins and capillaries usually drainage from the eyes into your nose is opened (dilated) and darker.

Because the skin under the eyes is unusually thin compared with the skin on your body and face drainage (sometimes erroneously called “brain capillaries) is more remarkable.

Another cause of dark circles is eyelid swelling during sleep.

Gravity
When you lie down, gravity can cause fluid to accumulate in your lower eyelids. This inflammation can create the appearance of shadows under the eyes. In addition, dark circles can be of chronic skin conditions such as atopic eczema. Dark circles can also run in families.

Skin Creams
Over-the-counter products of women and mens skin care can help reduce dark circles under the eyes. Look for skin creams contain vitamin C or K, alpha hydroxy acid and kinetin. The treatment for chronic diseases serious dark circles addresses the underlying cause, if known, and may include bleaching agents and laser therapy.

Sliced cucumbers and potatoes

Sliced cucumbers and potatoes (which have been cooled the fridge) placed over the eyes in the morning can reduce the dark, swelling around the eyes.

Nutrition

Anemia can cause dark circles. A multi-vitamins iron is usually effective in the treatment of anemia. Foods rich in iron include: broccoli, spinach and red meat (see here, because eating cholesterol and risk of stroke).

Sleep – High Quality Goal

The dream continues for at least 8 hours is not only essential to health, reducing disease risk heart and stroke, but also increase alertness and elevate our states encouragement. The lack of sleep can cause dark circles as well.

When medications are not enough to unclog the arteries around the heart, using a technique now well established, angioplasty. It is simply to introduce a small balloon and a mini-spring (stent) inside the heart artery to squash the plaque and thereby enlarge the diameter of the diseased artery. Objective: To restore normal blood flow to the heart is well supplied with oxygen.

The first indication of angioplasty is of course acute myocardial infarction. In this case there is an emergency, it is quicker to repair the blocked artery. Each year about 120 000 angioplasties, 500 are well practiced in emergency following a heart attack. The other most common indication is pain in the chest. This is the alarm of what is known medically angina pectoris.

At this stage, the bloodstream is not completely stopped but the artery began to clog the blood flow so less, blood flow is reduced. Result effort, precisely when the heart needs to be more oxygenated, pain appear.

“2 weeks ago I was asked 3 stents. I did not myocardial cons but my stress test was not good so I had a coronary angiography which showed the poor condition of artery. Angioplasty has been done immediately, “says Francis.

And as often happens. “We seek first functional evidence that heart muscle is poorly drained and therefore poorly oxygenated. It may be an electrocardiogram, an ultrasound or a stress test. If confirmed, the patient moves during coronary angiography which may be necessary to ask one or more stents to treat diseased arteries or “explains Professor Cassagnes.

Although heart attack appear suddenly, it is the result of a disease that evolves over several years, atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque on artery walls. The formation of this plaque is slow and may span decades. It is nourished by the cholesterol that circulates in the blood.

Eventually, the arteries that reach the heart deteriorate. They are damaged and narrowed (stenosis). Consequently, blood does not circulate properly and the blood flow becomes inadequate for the needs of the heart, especially at work. The organs are not properly oxygenated.

Angina pectoris may appear: the patient feels pain on mild exertion or spontaneously.

Eventually, the plaque becomes denser, it will crack and break and form a clot. A clot that clogs the artery and then prevents the passage of blood to the heart.

If the blocked artery is an artery of the heart, this causes a heart attack.
If the blocked artery is an artery in the neck, this causes a stroke (stroke).
If the blocked artery is an artery of the leg, it causes arterial.

In all these cases, the formation of a fatty deposit on artery walls that is responsible.

The blood test description is a set of measurements made in blood. They are chosen by the physician based diagnosis or organs intended to explore.

The common blood tests performed in cases of illness

1. The liver.
2. The balance renal.
3. The balance of fats.

When there has an infectious or inflammatory problem: the blood count the ESR.
In cases of anemia: The NFS, the determination of iron serum, sometimes Coombs.

The main systematic reviews of screening

* From a certain age, more or less early according to family history, the doctor asked at regular intervals: glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides.
* In monitoring a hypertension and Diabetes, doctor may request a review and a renal uric acid.

The NFS, determination of calcium, magnesium, and hormonal assays are requested most often because of symptoms without apparent cause consistently.

The Polycystic ovaries (ovarian cysts) are the cause of alteration of the rules and can suspend for long periods or menses causing each two months or more. Approximately 50% of the patients are obese or have growth excessive body hair and facial.

Subsequent women usually between 15 and 30 years old. Many female infertility cases are due to the presence of polycystic ovaries.

By presumptive diagnosis of pregnancy usually it is done based on clinical history and physical examination. The patient reports that normal puberty was also the beginning of adolescence with regular menstrual cycles, and then followed by episodes of stopped rules that extend progressively.

The are more reliable diagnostic ultrasound and laparoscopy. The Treatment can set of several ways: using inducing ovulation, it works in most patients, and stubborn cases may sometimes be necessary to use additional hormones, thereby producing the desired effect. The use of corticosteroids may also be helpful.

Rare is sometimes necessary as a surgical procedure is resection wedge of both ovaries, but when it does, the results are quite good to restore ovulation and fertility.

In change follicular cysts (small cysts with clear fluid in inside) are common and often in both ovaries, ranging from size microscopic to get to be 4 cms of diameter and are rarely larger than that size. Symptoms usually do not exist unless this torque cyst rupture or bleeding of the same, and if you can see signs of an emergent surgical table.

Occasionally these cysts are associated with menstrual abnormality isolated as a long interval between periods or as a short course. Large cysts can cause pelvic pain, pain with sexual and rarely, abnormal uterine bleeding.

The Most of these follicles disappear within 60 days without treatment, any cyst that persists for longer, with the presence of normal periods, is probably not of follicular origin.

It is a pathology that is observed through ultrasound and is of two types: functional and complex.

The ‘functional’ are derived from the ovarian function and relate to the process of egg maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum. May be inflammatory or endometrium.

They contain thousands of eggs stored within pockets of fluid called follicles, since the ovaries are the organs in continuous activity, as determined by the menstrual cycle, month after month allowing the growth of a follicle to about 20 mm in diameter, size at which rupture and release the egg that has matured in its interior. Subsequently, the follicle acquires the capacity to produce progesterone and helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy..

Failure to achieve pregnancy, the follicle is absorbed and the ovary returned to its resting state to restart a cycle starting next menstrual period.

Implies the possibility of occasional mistakes at some point in the process that may relate to the failure mechanisms of follicle rupture has been developed and the subsequent formation of a cyst. In this case as a functional cyst, since it is produced by a fault in the natural process and does not indicate an illness.

The complex, meanwhile, are so named because ultrasound is a kind of lesions observed heterogeneity for its content, may occur for several reasons: Endometriosis localized in the ovary (endometriomas) sencundarios ovarian or pelvic infections.

Risk factors and protective factors
The cysts ‘functional’ are not a cause of infertility, but it may be more common in women with hormonal disorders that interfere with the normal process of ovulation, condition (not ovulate well) that it is associated with infertility.

Irregular cycles (no good ovulation) predispose the development of functional cysts. Pregnancy and oral contraceptives for more than 1 year, however, may protect women from the existence of these cysts. The risk of ovarian cancer is 50 percent versus those not using contraception and protection can reach 15 years. [Read the rest of this entry...]